Strategy Formulation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Strategy Formulation - Essay Example In this respect effective use of communication techniques within and without the organization is emphasized by strategic management experts in order to achieve these long term objectives. Communication within the organization is necessarily influenced by its leadership style and organizational culture and structure. A vertical top-down structure with an autocratic leadership style is less likely to facilitate efficient communication between different layers of the hierarchy while conversely a horizontal structure with a democratic leadership style would more likely facilitate good communication flow between departments. Strategic long term goals such as market share, profitability, an increase in the share price, quality improvements, customer satisfaction and brand loyalty have to be achieved by adopting such strategies as good internal and external communication practices, employee relations, good motivation strategies and HRM practices, sound financial management including positive cash flows and better overall performance metrics. For example there are good and bad business practices being adopted by companies in the process of planning and design of management and business strategy. Many organizations depend on the available information to make such decisions. This is strategically a bad business practice because information asymmetry often misleads managers and their subsequent decisions based on such imbalanced information could be wrong. Nowadays organizations have better approaches to such intricate problems. In the planning and design process of VRIO (value, rarity, inimitability and organization) framework businesses have adopted such revolutionary approaches. For instance Accenture, the largest strategic management consultancy in the world, places emphasis on VRIO framework in such a manner that it’s very difficult for its competitors to duplicate its VRIO environment in any meaningful manner. This example illustrates

Professionalism in Nursing Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6000 words

Professionalism in Nursing - Coursework Example From this report it is clear that  clothing and conduct for students and practicing nurses were dictated strongly by dress codes and strict disciplinary protocols developed by hospital administrators in charge of nurses. Here, personality traits may have had negligible chance to emerge from the starch white uniforms and pulled back hair donned in a white cap. On the other hand, times have changed and most nursing students today are thrilled with the independence and career opportunities that have evolved for them at numerous levels, as well as those in advanced practice nursing. As the professional nursing arena expands and new roles develop, the professional nurse is expected to demonstrate respect for the faculty by continuing to don the traditional dress.  This study declares that  there should be awareness to nurses that appearance makes a lasting impression on patients, contemporaries, and the general public. Although dress and appearance alone cannot guarantee success in a nursing job, they can at the same time assure letdown.  This is because patients do have their own expectations of a professional, including their personal preferences and generational influences. Since health care is a form of business, successful professionals must therefore attract a steady, growing patient population in order to survive. The professional nurse should therefore demonstrate respect for patients by developing relationships with them and projecting a positive public image that will help build a deep founded practice.... But these have become loosely adhered to. As a result, one finds nurses simply abandoning their traditional trade mark white uniform and substituting it with scrub suits and colorful jackets. Since nursing is becoming a professional practice, I will demonstrate respect to my peers by becoming more aware of how my appearance, behavior, and communication can influence the first impressions of others about me. I will therefore try to follow the dress code and the behavior expected of me as a professional nurse to the letter. Faculty In the past, clothing and conduct for students and practicing nurses were dictated strongly by dress codes and strict disciplinary protocols developed by hospital administrators in charge of nurses (Jacob, 1999). Here, personality traits may have had negligible chance to emerge from the starch white uniforms and pulled back hair donned in a white cap. On the other hand, times have changed and most nursing students today are thrilled with the independence and career opportunities that have evolved for them at numerous levels, as well as those in advanced practice nursing. As the professional nursing arena expands and new roles develop, the professional nurse is expected to demonstrate respect for the faculty by continuing to don the traditional dress. This is essentially because the professional dress and appearance continue to be very important facets of the nursing image especially within the faculty (Jacob, 1999). Patients As it has already been established, there should be awareness to nurses that appearance makes a lasting impression on patients, contemporaries, and the general public. Although dress and appearance alone cannot guarantee success in a nursing job, they can at the same time assure letdown

Post Freudian theorists and their theories Essay Example for Free

Post Freudian theorists and their theories Essay As indicated earlier, key personality developmental theories that were developed after Freud’s psychoanalytic theory were either directly derived of it or aimed at criticizing some of its major components. a) Erik Erickson i) Stages of development Barbara (2008) and Lieberman (2007) agree that the work of Eric Erickson was a direct derivative of Freudian considerations in human development. Eric Erickson theory of psychosocial development concurred with Freudian view that life, development and challenges develop in stages. Psychosocial theory further builds the notion of the ‘ego’ which was largely brought out by Freud as external reality inculcation to one’s mind. Particularly, the stages of Erickson psychosocial development strongly cohere with Sigmund’s work. Clara et al (2008) explain that stage one of Erickson’s theory of psychosocial development is reflected through ‘trust versus mistrust’ largely because the child is entirely dependent on the caregivers. Like Freud mentioned the pleasure a child derives from oral stimulation, Erickson emphasized on the resulting intimacy as a platform in propelling the child to the next stages. Therefore, Erickson’s first stage borrows the concept of external environment in creating enough force for the next stage. In the second stage of psychosocial development, Erickson equally borrows from Freud’s ‘anal stage’ which is a critical training factor. Nelson-Jones (2005) explains that from a higher consideration, Erickson argued that learning to go to the toilet gave a strong sense of control and therefore great independence. As Freud clearly brought out the notion of the ego, Erickson’s third stage of initiative versus guilt emphasizes the assertion of power and control which plays an important role in the later stages development. Erickson indicated that many children seek to assert their superiority among others but with careful considerations of the existing repercussions (Marrie and Janneke-van, 2007). Notably, Erickson agrees with Freud that parents and caretakers must step in to facilitate the needed reassurance and therefore avoid guilt to their young ones. It is however worth noting that Erickson strongly differed with Freud on how long development persists in an individual’s life. While Freud postulated that personality development only lasted to the genital stage when an individual starts getting interested in sexual relationship with those of the opposite sex, Erickson postulated that developed progressed to the old age (Busch, 2009). However, scholars appear to be strongly divided with one group considering the latter Erickson’s work to be based on criticism of the Freud’s work and therefore its advancement (Barbara, 2008). ii) The notion of fixation One resilient notion of Freud’s work is the notion of succession between different stages. Though they do not necessary cohere on time and expected repercussions, both theorists agree that people at different stages must go through them successfully or get fixated (Hayes, 2004). Fixation as Henry (2009) point out denotes the inability to progress since latter stages are entirely dependent on the previous stages success. Erickson argued that all stages present an individual with two negating outcomes; positive and negative. For example between year five to eleven, Erickson indicated that a successful individual will become industrious while the unsuccessful ones will suffer inferiority (Laura and Pam, 2007). b) Lacanian theory In his work, largely referred to as the return of Freud, Emile Lacan’s concepts appear to be fully defined by the former (Adam, 2008). Though Lacan strongly criticized the Freud’s separation of the conscious (ego) and unconscious (id), he largely employed the same concepts in his work. Lacan argued that the conscious and unconscious considerations of the mind were not different, but operated from a highly sophisticated and complex outline compared to Freud’s consideration. Locan mirror as Brickman (2009) and Gottdiener (2008) conclusions suggest is formative and a derivative of the experience an individual gets during development. Therefore, the paradigm of the imagery to be effective during the younger years as opposed to the old age which is more subjective fits the Freudian connotation of development persisting only to the genital stage.

Weight Management Essay examples -- essays research papers

Weight management has been thought of as only weight loss by many. Weight management covers all aspects of attaining and maintaining optimum weight for a healthy lifestyle. Health professionals now realize that prevention of weight gain as well as weight loss and improving health status are important goals. These goals must be individualized for success. At the outset of treatment, the patient and health care provider should discuss and agree upon goals. The goals must take into account the food habits, exercise behaviors, psychological outlook and support systems of the individual. Realistic expectations, short- and long-term, may be promoted by a discussion of a healthy weight versus an ideal body weight. Features of weight management interventions may include behavior modification, dietary principles, energy balance components, and a sound food plan. In order to create a behavior modification plan that will be successful for the individual, identifying cues, responses and consequences of eating behaviors is necessary. Control of eating behavior, physical activity, emotional, social, and psychological health must all be analyzed and interventions applied. Behaviors related to problems with intake and expenditure of energy must be specifically defined. Recording and analyzing eating and exercise behaviors to develop strategies aimed at learning new behaviors are essential. Dietetic practice in weight management is complex and challenging. Assessment of weight and health should guide weight management goals and outcomes. The weight and dieting history should include age of onset of weight problems, number and types of diets, exercise history, possible triggers to weight gains and losses, and an appropriate range of weight change. The Body Mass Index (BMI) is considered the standard measurement for weight status. The BMI is estimated by weight (kg) divided by height (m2). A BMI of 25 – 29 is considered overweight and some weight loss is recommended. There is debate surrounding how much weight loss should be attained. In considering a weight management plan, it is necessary to incorporate each of the following: †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  realistic goals (weight loss average of  ½ to 1 pound per week); †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  energy intake limits related to the energy output of the individual (the Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) + activity level shoul... ...he obesity epidemic. Science. 1998;280:1371-1374. 2. Willett WC, Dietz WH, Colditz GA. Primary Care: Guidelines for healthy weight. New England Journal of Medicine. 1999;341:427-434. 3. National Task Force on the Prevention and Treatment of Obesity, National Institutes of Health. Very low-calorie diets. Journal of the American Medical Association. 1993;270:967-974. 4. Stein K. High-protein, low carbohydrate diets: Do they work? Journal of the American Dietetic Association. 2000,100:760-761. 5. Jeffery RW, Drewnowski A, Epstein LH, Stunkard AJ, Wilson GT, Wing RR, Hill DR. Long-term maintenance of weight loss: current status. Health Psychology. 2000;1(Suppl):5-16. 6. Byfield C. A lifestyle physical activity intervention for obese sedentary women: Effect on cardiovascular disease risk factors. American College of Sports Med: Indianapolis IN; 2000. 7. Rosen JC. Improving body image in obesity. In: Thompson, JK, ed. Body Image, Eating Disorders and Obesity. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association; 1996: 425-550. 8. Nix S. Basic Nutrition & Diet Therapy, 12th edition. 2005: 268-287. 9. Martini F. Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology, 6th edition. 2004: 928-964.

Feminism Philosophy Essay

At the onset, Valerie Solana’s SCUM Manifesto is a work that was clearly addressed to male species which she regarded as accidental a â€Å"biological accident. † The first two paragraphs of her work reveal her deep resentment on the role of men and women in the society. The last part of the first paragraph reflects her strong rejection of the male sex. Solanas identifies male in various ways but all describing the male as an undesirable species. To her, to be male is something that a man should be ashamed of and maleness is a dearth, a disease and that males are emotionally limited. She said male is completely an â€Å"isolated unit† and everything that he has in himself is nothing but a tool that he use to fulfill his drives and needs. Her work also reflect a seemingly an almost bitter feeling towards men. She used strong and very offending sentences emphasizing on the males’ purportedly many in capabilities including relationship except of his physical sensation. However, the male according to her is capable Solano’s obvious hatred to the male sex was also expressed in the way she describes how a male expresses himself. She described the male’s behavior as physically passive but then he does not like it. He expressed his frustration of his own passivity by screwing a woman he despises. She said the male project his passivity by projecting it onto women and by screwing. Overall, Valerie Solano’s work was an expression of her sentiments on the role between the male and the female in which she downgraded the role of the male species as concerns only of him self, but she gratifies women for her unselfish role. Solano stated that while mother cares for what is best for her children, the father only wants what is best for him. She was a man hater. In contrast with the work of Solano, Fry’s work is more objective although she also urges that women should detach themselves from the world of males and male dominated institution. This separation according to Fry is of various sorts which must includes institutions, relationships, roles and activities that are male dominated. Fry’s work reflects a more meaningful feminist opinion as she discussed important feminist issues leading to their objective of achieving liberation from the male dominance world. While Solano strongly reject the male describing him as incapable, emotionally weak, a disease, and so forth all maligning the male sex, Fry was more objective in a sense that she also put her feet on the other’s shoes. Though a real feminist and also a staunch advocate of the separation from male dominance, she described women’s role in the context of the traditional notion that men are the provider and the protector of women. Fry cited the notion of parasitism of the male and female in terms of family matters. But she insists that the parasitism â€Å"goes the other way around. † It is the male that is parasites to females’ because men are pathetic and used up by living by their own. In general, although both women were against the existing arrangement of the roles of men and women in the society, Solano was very radical in her views about the males’ role and the male as a person to the point that she appeared being a man-hater. Fry on the other hand, was more objective although she also deplored the male as weak and parasites to women. But unlike Solano’s views of the male which is very personal and very negative, Fry’s opinion reflects a carefully weigh ideas regarding the issues involving the role of men and women which in the perspective of feminist like them are offensive and binding to women. Is having a maid morally wrong? What are BARBARA Ehrenreich’s reasons for thinking so? Is correct? Why or why not? In my own opinion, having a maid is not morally wrong as long as they are not treated fairly, are not abused, and given just compensation. In the contexts of the employers, maids should not be viewed as slaves rather they should be considered as worker or even employees. Ong (2006) was right in her assessment that having a domestic helper or two is part of the â€Å"bargain with two-income families† (p. 201). Ong noted that a high standard of living is considered impossible â€Å"without one or even two foreign maids to take care of the household chores as well as of children or the elderly† (p. 201). Thus, having a maid at home should be considered as a social right, just like access to better schools, housing, shopping malls, and leisure. However, in the context of the families of these maids, to be maid in a foreign country is a source of hope on their economic miseries. Most of the families these maids came from are poor and the best option for them to survive is for their daughter to get employment overseas. In other words, hiring maids meant helping those families. Unfortunately, there are always people who discriminate others. They tend to abuse their domestic servants by giving them unequal and unfair treatment. According to the Human Rights Watch, many domestic helpers complain of abusive treatments such as not providing them enough food, longer working hours, and racist behavior. These are what is morally wrong and not the hiring of domestic helpers. Barbara Ehrenreich’s thinking about having maids at home On the other hand, Barbara Ehrenreich noted the movement of women around the world and draws a comparison that for every women executive who travels, large number of women from the third world countries leave their families to work as domestic servants in the first world countries. For Ehrenreich, this mass exodus of women is morally wrong because it results in odd displacements. Ehrenreich cited the facts that while these women carry with them the warmth of the female energy into the wealthy country that hired them; this is usually at the expense of their families left behind. Their absent deprive their families of her care which she willingly offer to the families that need her services abroad. For Ehrenreich, having domestic helpers harm one’s moral character and she calls on her readers not hire maids to clean the house. Ehrenreich argued having domestic servants clean the house is not good for the family especially the children. While Ehrenreich was more concern on are supposed to clean the house, which is usually done by the maids, she deplored that cleaning other people’s house is so gross and demeaning. While Ehrenreich may have a point, but this issue should not be seen as morally wrong rather it should viewed in the economic context. Having a maid is not morally wrong because it is a decent job for women who have fewer opportunities in life, especially those coming from very poor families in third world countries. As long as they are treated fairly and justly compensated, it is never morally wrong to employ somebody to do some jobs that one cannot do anymore. It is the most practical thing because it serves in two ways, it benefits the employer because they can concentrate in their work, and it benefits the maid because she will earn dollars for her family back home. Reference Fry, M. (1983) Some Reflection on Separatism and Power http://www. feminist-reprise. org/docs/fryesep. htm Ong, A. (2006) Neoliberalism as Exception USA: Duke University Press Solano, V. & Avital, R. (2004) SCUM Manifesto USA: Verso

Essay A Decision Made - 757 Words

Across the period of ones life, decisions are made, consequences are endured, and rewards are accepted. In most instances, one does not think before they act on possible actions or decisions; however it is the rare few that do think, and do realize the cause and effect of decisions about to be made. Margaret Sanger was an advocate for womens rights, a nurse, a feminist, and most important she offered women information about contraceptives, something that was relatively hidden from many women in the early 1900s. Margaret Sanger may have single handily changed the fact that women would achieve personal freedom by experiencing their sexuality free of consequence (Margaret Sanger, 1). As a nurse she saw failed abortions,†¦show more content†¦An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge had a decision made by Fraquhar that knowingly went against the opposing side of where he stood. Like Sanger who went against Comstock laws, Fraquhar interfered with troops. Although Fraquhar knew his punishment would be death if caught, he was willing to risk it, and eventually was put to death because of his actions. Sanger also knew going against Comstock could result in possible jail time, which she did receive for her actions. In The Censors, Juan knowingly risked being caught by becoming a censor, in hopes of getting his letter through to his loved one. Although he knew what would happen if he was caught smuggling his letter in, he was more then willing to take the risk. Juans boss acknowledged his hard work, soon he was moved to section E where he was now reading and analyzing letter contents, his work became so absorbing that his original purpose for being a censor was blurred (Valenzuela, 653). While he excelled, he one day came across his letter to Marina, but without reading it, tossed it into the censored pile, causing his death the very next morning. The theory that giving someone a little power can eventually lead to destruction is evident in Juans case. Although Sanger wasnt given power, she made people knew who she was, and she was empowering women. She strived to get information out, create an oral contraceptive, and have a place that women could eventually go to. She dedicatedShow More RelatedThe Decision Is Made For You1924 Words   |  8 Pagesmatter what. One cannot guarantee that they will be married forever, or even if they will always love their significant other, although it is hoped for. And what happens when they fall out of love? The situation is terrible but a decision must be made, unless the decision is made for you. In her husband’s death, Elizabeth Bates discovers the truth about her marriage that she had never realized until it was too late, that the marriage had been over long before her husband’s death. 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Some decisions were good and became life changing while others were not so good and become life experiences. One decision I made in my life will always stand out as the best decision I ever made. This involved my youngest son Gannon and the decision to have a major operation that not only saved his life, but gave him a better quality of life. To understand why this changed his life for the better you need to know what he has been through. Gannon is a nineRead MoreHow Is My Ethical Decision Made?1760 Words   |  8 PagesHow is My Ethical Decision Made? Before that question can be answered; I must identify and define what the term ethical is (A. Puente, personal communication, November 17, 2015). According to Dictionary.com (n.d.) it is defined as: 1. Pertaining to or dealing with morals or the principles of morality; pertaining to right and wrong in conduct. 2. 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The Gombak Operational Unit Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 9 Words: 2717 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? Gombak Operational Unit Slope Assessment Result As mentioned in Chapter 3, Gombak Operational Unit is managing a total of 380 STPs. Based on IWKs data, 128 STPs out of the 380 STPs have slope issues. This is derived from the assessment done by using the Standard Slope Criteria and Scoring Sheet. The slope assessment results for the 128 STPs were inserted in a Slope Data Scoring Sheet as shown in Appendix 5. A snap shot of the Slope Data Scoring Sheet is shown below in Figure 4.1. Figure 4.1: Snap Shot of Slope Data Scoring Sheet By inserting these data in this sheet, analysis can be conducted individually for the 8 criteria listed in the IWK Standard Slope Criteria and Scoring Sheet. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Gombak Operational Unit Finance Essay" essay for you Create order Findings and Analysis on the Slope Assessment Result Although the main objective of this research is to identify the most critical STPs based on a risk rating matrix, the author finds that an individual analysis based on the 8 criteria can be done. This will give a general picture on the slope situation faced by the Gombak Operational Unit. The findings and analysis are as below: STP close to any slopes Figure 4.2 shows the graph for the first criteria in the IWK Standard Slope Criteria and Scoring Sheet. Based on the graph, 47 out of 128 STPs got a scoring of 5 which means these STPs are located in between slopes (slopes above and below STPs). This is followed by 46 STPs which got a scoring of 2, which means these STPs are located below a slope. Lastly, 35 STPs have got a score of 4 which means these STPs are located above a slope. So it can be concluded that majority of the STPs in Gombak Operational Unit are located in between slopes (whereby there are slopes above and below the STP) which put these STPs in a high risk. Figure 4.2: STP Close to Any Slopes Distance of Slope from STP Figure 4.3 shows the graph for the second criteria in the IWK Standard Slope Criteria and Scoring Sheet. Based on the graph, 100 out of 128 STPs got a scoring of 5 which means these STPs are located very near to a slope with a distance of less than 5 meters. This is followed by 23 STPs which got a scoring of 4, whereby these STPs are located nearby a slope in range of distance from 5 to 10 meters. There are 3 STPs with a score of 3 (11-20 meters) and 2 STPs with a score of 2 (21-50 meters). Based on the assessment, there are no STPs which are located more than 50 meters from a slope. Therefore, it can be concluded that majority of the STPs in Gombak Operational Unit are located very near to a slope with a range of less than 5 meters and this is considered to be a high risk. Figure 4.3: Distance of Slope from STP Height of Slope from STP Figure 4.4 shows the graph for the third criteria in the IWK Standard Slope Criteria and Scoring Sheet. As mentioned before, the higher the score the higher the risk is to the STP. As for this criteria, majority of the STPs falls under the scoring of 1 to 3 (9 meters and below) whereby it is considered in the category of low to moderate risk when it comes to height of a slope. A total of 106 STPs fall under the range of this scoring. 9 of the STPs got a scoring of 4 where by the slopes ranges from 10 to 19 meters high. Only about 13 out of the 128 STPs got a score of 5 where by the slopes located nearby these STPs are more than 20 meters high and it increase the risk to the STPs. Figure 4.4: Height of Slope from STP Condition of slope (steepness) Figure 4.5 shows the graph for the fourth criteria in the IWK Standard Slope Criteria and Scoring Sheet. This criterion focus on the steepness of the slope identified at each of the STPs operated by Gombak Operational Unit. Based on the graph, it can be concluded that majority of the STPs falls under the scoring of 5 which means the slopes identified at these STPs are very steep (35 degrees). As shown in the graph, 58 out of the 128 STPs are at high risk in terms of slope condition. It is followed by 41 STPs with a score of 2 (20 degrees) which falls under low risk and lastly 29 STPs falls under the scoring of 3 which is considered to have a moderate risk. Figure 4.5: Condition of Slope Cover for the slope Figure 4.6 shows a pie chart for the fifth criteria in the IWK Standard Slope Criteria and Scoring Sheet. This criterion focus on the type of slope protection provided for the 128 STPs identified to have slope issues. Slope with protection (especially structural protection) are considered to be more stable and reduce the risk of landslide or erosion. Based on the figure below, 104 out of 128 STPs were given a score of 3 meaning the slopes identified at these STPs have vegetation as its mode of protection. 22 out of 128 STPS were given a score of 0, meaning the slopes identified at these STPs are covered with structural protection. Lastly, only 2 STPs were given a score of 5 as the slopes identified at these STPS do not have any cover (structural or vegetation) to protect the slopes. Therefore it can be concluded that, majority of the STPs in Gombak Operational Unit have vegetation as their mode of slope protection. This poses moderate risk to the STPs. Figure 4.6: Cover for the Slope Any signs of erosion or damage Figure 4.7 shows a pie chart for the sixth criteria in the IWK Standard Slope Criteria and Scoring Sheet. Based on the pie chart, 117 out of the 128 STPs identified to have slope issues do not face any signs of erosion or damage. Only a minority of 11 STPs were given a scoring of 5 whereby the slopes were identified to have signs of erosion or damage. Figure 4.7: Signs of Erosion or Damage Drainage provided along the slope Figure 4.8 shows the pie chart for the seventh criteria in the IWK Standard Slope Criteria and Scoring Sheet. Based on the pie chart, 59 % of the STPs with slopes are provided with drainage. Where else, 41% of the STPs with slopes are not provided with drainage system. Although majority of the slopes are provided with drainage, 41% which is about 53 STPs with slopes is considerably a large number which is in high risk due to no drainage system provided along the slopes. Figure 4.8: Drainage Provided Along the Slope Potential Impact of Slope Failure Figure 4.9 shows the graph for the eight criteria in the IWK Standard Slope Criteria and Scoring Sheet. Based on the graph below, 54 STPs out of the 128 STPs were given a score of 0,where by the slopes identified at these STPs poses no impact to the STP and its surrounding in any manner if the slope fails. 49 STPs were given a score of 2 which means that the slopes identified at these STPs, will cause minor damage to the STP and its surrounding if the slope collapse. Out of the 128 STPs, 16 STPs were identified to be located near slopes which will cause major damage (not involving life or property) to the STP and its surrounding if the slope fails. Lastly, 9 STPs were identified to be located near slopes which will create a major catastrophe involving life or property if the slope fails. As a conclusion, a majority of 80% of the STPs are located near slopes which will create no or minor impact to the STP and its surrounding if the slope collapse. Therefore the focus area of IWK is for the balance 20% of the STPs which have slopes that will create a major impact to the company if it fails. Figure 4.9: Potential Impact of Slope Failure Prioritization of Critical STP Using the Risk Rating Matrix As mentioned in Chapter 3, by using the risk matrix, the prioritization is given to any STP which the scores fall under the red category (101-175). This means these STPs are considered to be the most critical STPs in terms of slope issues and priority should be given in managing these STPs first. Subsequently, prioritization is given to the STPs for which the scores fall under the green category (51-100) and lastly to the yellow category (0-50) which is considered to have low criticality level. Appropriate mitigation measures are then suggested based on the criticality ranking. Appendix 6 shows the list of Critical STP with Slope Issues which is the result of applying the risk rating formula of Hazard multiplied with Consequences on the slope data. This gives a criticality scoring for each of the STPs. After that, prioritization is done by sorting the data from the highest value to the lowest value. The level of criticality for each STP is determined by referring to the risk mat rix and a conditional formatting of colour coding is applied to the scoring as per the risk rating matrix. Figure 4.10 shows in a nutshell the summary of the result obtained from the prioritization exercise. The pie chart shows that the total number of STPs operated by Gombak Operational Unit is 380 STPs. Out of the total number of STPs, 128 STPs are identified to have slope issues. Based on the prioritization exercise using the risk rating matrix, 93 out of the 128 STPs are of low level criticality. 21 STPs are in medium level criticality and 14 STPs are in high level criticality. Figure 4.10: STPs with Slope Issues in IWK Gombak Operational Unit Focusing down to the 14 STPs which are considered to have the highest criticality level, a summary table was created. Refer to Table 4.1 below. Table 4.1: STPs with the High Level Criticality Scoring SCORE 145 125 120 115 112 110 108 105 TOTAL FREQUENCY 1 3 3 1 2 1 2 1 14 STPs AMA137 AMA133 AMA112 GUS128 GBK001 AMA087 GBK165 AMA040 AMA141 AMA130 GUS005 GUS110 GBK003 GBK139 As shown in the table above, the STP which has the highest criticality scoring is AMA137 with a total score of 145. This particular STP was given a score of 5 for five out of the eight criteria listed in the IWK Standard Slope Criteria and Scoring Sheet. It is then followed by three other STPs (AMA133, AMA141 and GBK003) with a total score of 125 each. Another three STPs (AMA112, AMA130 and GBK139) have a total score of 120 each. It is then followed by GUS 128, GBK001, GUS005, AMA087, GBK165, GUS110 and AMA040 with the respective scoring as listed in the table above. As predicted, most of these STPs are located at vulnerable areas where major landslides have happened before. The exact location of the STPs can be referred back to Appendix 4. Therefore it can be concluded that these STPs will be the most critical STPs for the Gombak Operational U nit especially AMA137. Mitigation methods suggested based on the STPs criticality level Appendix 7 shows the mitigation methods suggested based on the criticality level of the STPs. Some of the suggestions were given by the IWK staffs and some were referred from the Guidelines on Slope Maintenance in Malaysia, 2006 document. Nonetheless, it is strongly suggested that further investigation need to be conducted to verify these measures before implementing it. For the STPs which are in the high level criticality ranking, the mitigation methods vary based on the 8 criteria. However, most of these STPs need structural protection and also drainage works. Majority of the slopes are located outside the boundary of IWKs plants, therefore it falls under the jurisdiction of the LAs or JKR, and so a joint effort in handling this matter is required. Besides that, a couple of STPs are already in a Slope Watch Program which is assisted by the residents around the area to look out for any signs of slope failure. The STPs are namely AMA133 and AMA040. For the STPs which fall under the medium criticality ranking, the author felt that the risk mitigation method could be separated into two methods. For the STPs which scored 80 to 100, the strategy would be to have monthly inspection done, where else for STPs which scored 79 to 51, the strategy would be to have 6 monthly inspections done. This is a practical approach as already the Gombak Operational Unit is facing human resource constraints and by doing a monthly inspection for 21 STPs will increase their burden further. Therefore 8 STPs will undergo monthly inspections and 12 STPs will undergo 6 monthly inspections. But there is one off cases such as AMA048 whereby there is already a strategy in place of rationalizing this plant to a Regional STP nearby; therefore this plant will be soon decommissioned. As for the STPs which are in the low criticality ranking, the strategy to manage the risk is to have yearly inspection done. Table 4.2 shows the summary of the mitigation methods for the slope issues faced by the STPs in Gombak Operational Unit based on the criticality ranking. Table 4.2: Mitigation Methods for Slope Issues Criticality Ranking Criticality Score Range Total Number of STPs Mitigation Methods for Slope Issues High 101-175 14 8 STPs need structural protection together with drainage system. 2 STPs need structural protection only. 2 STPs need drainage system. 2 STPs are already in Slope Watch Program. Medium 51-100 21 12 STPs to go through 6 monthly inspections. 8 STPs to go through monthly inspection. 1 STP to be rationalized. Low 0-50 93 All STPs to go through yearly inspections. Summary of the Results In Gombak Operational Unit, 128 out 380 STPs have slope issues. Based on the 8 criteria assessed, the slope situation faced by IWK Gombak Operational Unit are stated as below: For STP close to any slope, majority of the STPs (47 out of 128 STPs) falls under the scoring of 5, which means these STPs are located in between slopes (there are slopes above and below the STP) which put these STPs in a high risk. For distance of slope from STP, majority of the STPs (100 out of 128 STPs) falls under the scoring of 5, which means these STPs are located very near to slopes with a range of less than 5 meters and this considered to be a high risk. For height of slope from STP, majority of the STPs were given a scoring of 1-3 meters (which means the slope height is 9 meters and below) whereby it is considered in the category of low to moderate risk. For condition of slope (steepness), majority of the STPs (58 out of 128 STPs) falls under the scoring of 5, which means the slopes ident ified at the STPs are very steep(35 degrees) and are at high risk. For cover for the slope, majority of the STPs (104 out of 128 STPs) were given a score of 3 which means these STPs have vegetation as their mode of slope protection and it poses moderate risk to the STPs. For any signs of erosion or damage, majority of the STPs (117 out of 128 STPs) with slope issues do not face any signs of erosion or damage, so it is considered to be at low risk. For drainage provided along the slope, majority of the STPs (59%) identified with slopes are provided with drainage system. But the balance 41% is considered to be quite a large number and needs proper attention. For potential impact of slope failure, a majority of 80% of the STPs are located near slopes which will create no impact or minor impact to the STP and its surroundings, if the slope collapse. In terms of the prioritization exercise, the summary of the result are stated as below: The total number of STPs operated by Gombak Operational Unit is 380 STPs. Out of the total number of STPs, 128 STPs are identified to have slope issues. Based on the prioritization exercise using the risk rating matrix, 93 out of the 128 STPs are of low level criticality. 21 STPs are in medium level criticality and 14 STPs are in high level criticality. Focusing down to the STPs with high criticality level, AMA137 was identified as the most critical plant for Gombak Operational Unit with a total score of 145. As for the mitigation method, the summary of the result are stated as below: For STPs with high level criticality ranking (101-175), the mitigation method varies for each of the STPs focusing down to the 8 criteria. The main mitigation methods are structural slope protection and drainage system. Besides that is to have a Slope Watch Program assisted by the nearby residents. For STPs with medium level criticality ranking (51-100), risk mitigation method could be separated into two methods. For the STPs which scored 80 to 100, the strategy would be to have monthly inspection done, where else for STPs which scored 79 to 51, the strategy would be to have 6 monthly inspections done. For STPs with low level criticality ranking (0-50), the strategy to manage the risk is to have yearly inspection done.